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A menagerie of glass curtains draped from trees of stone.
Gaudi's masterpiece is unlike any other cathedral, as was his technique to figure out the load bearing curves for the complex branching arches... long before computer design tools.
Gaudi used hanging weights and strings to design his structures, as seen in the last photo. After drawing out the ground plan of the crypt, he flipped it upside down and hung a string from each point where a column would stand and transmit the thrust of the structure into the foundations. Then he joined the hanging strings with cross strings to stimulate arches and vaults, attaching to each string a little cotton bag of bird shot, carefully weighted to mimic the compressive load on each column, arch and vault.
Naturally, none of the strings in these complicated cats' cradles hung vertically. All the loads in them were pure tension — the only way string, with little resistance to bending, will hang. It is like an application-specific analog computer to find the optimal curvature between a network of connection points, some midway along the curve of another.
Gaudi then photographed the string model from all angles and turned the photos upside down. Tension became compression. And the lines show how the arches were to be built, often with two stones the same.
No one in the history of architecture had gone about designing a building in this way.
And the sun-splashed sinews are gorgeous. The supports for the weight above come from the inner columns (no flying buttresses as with a Gothic cathedral). The stone of the walls are just enough to frame the glass. I suspect it could have been an open air cathedral, with no walls at all. It is so light and airy, unlike any other I have experienced.



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